In the South Pacific, hydrothermal vents naturally supply trace amounts of iron (Fe) as well as other nutrients like phosphorous (P) to surface waters. These underwater volcanos stimulate the growth of diazotrophs, like Trichodesmium, that fix atmospheric nitrogen gas (Nâ‚‚) and turn it into bioavailable ammonia (NHâ‚„).
This new nitrogen supports phytoplankton blooms that naturally capture millions of tons of carbon dioxide and sustain ocean ecosystems.